operating system services
An
operating system provides an environment for the execution of programs. The
specific services provided are differing from one operating system to another,
but we can identify common classes. These operating system services are
provided for the convenience of the programmer to make the programming task
easy.

Program creation:
the operating system provides editors, debuggers, to assist the programmer in
creating programs.
Programs
execution: A number of tasks required to execute
a program, the tasks include instructions and data must be loaded into main
memory, I/O devices and files must be initialized, and other resources must be
prepared. The OS handles these tasks for the user.
Input/Output
operations: A running program may require input
and output. This I/O may involve a file or an I/O device. A user program cannot
execute I/O operations directly, the OS must provide some means to do so.
Error
detection: the operating system detects the different
types of errors and should take appropriate action. The errors include memory
error, power failure, printer out of paper, illegal instruction in the program (division
by zero, arithmetic overflow, attempt to access illegal memory-local)
Resource
allocation: The operating systems collect all
the resources in the network environment or a system and grant these resources
to request process. Many different types of resources include CPU cycles, main
memory, IO devices, file storage and so on.
Accounting:
the operating system can be keep track of which users use how much time and
what kind of computer resources used. This record keeping is useful to improve
computing services.
Protection:
the operating system provides security mechanism to protect the unauthorized
usage of files in the network environment.
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